Where should a handrail start and stop?

According to the International Residential Code (IRC), a handrail must start and stop at points that provide continuous support for anyone using the stairs, with specific extensions for safety at the top and bottom. These rules are designed to prevent falls where the stair run begins and ends.

1.Here are the precise requirements:

Starting Point (at the Bottom of the Stairs)
The handrail must begin directly above the first tread nosing (the edge of the bottom step). It then must extend horizontally forward for at least 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the nosing of the bottom riser. This extension provides stable support before a person takes their first step up.

Stopping Point (at the Top of the Stairs)
Similarly, at the top, the handrail must continue at least 12 inches (305 mm) horizontally beyond the nosing of the top riser. This extension is crucial for providing support as the user takes their final step onto the landing. It must continue, at the same height, along the adjacent landing if the stairs lead to another flight or change direction.

2.The Continuous Rule
Between these points, the handrail must be continuous for the full length of the stairway run, without interruption by posts or other obstructions.

A safe handrail path follows this pattern:
Landing (12+ inch horizontal extension) → Descends/ascends with the stair slope → Lower/upper landing (12+ inch horizontal extension)

3.Key Practical Implications
1）Never start or stop directly at a step: Abruptly ending the rail at the top or bottom nosing is a common and hazardous code violation.
2）Consult your local building department: Always check your local codes first, as some jurisdictions may have amendments (e.g., requiring longer extensions).
3）For ramps: The same 12 – inch horizontal extension rule applies at the top and bottom of accessible ramps.

In short, a correctly installed handrail does not end at the last step. It begins on the approach landing and ends securely on the exit landing, ensuring a safe, grippable support is always within reach throughout the entire ascent and descent.